Infertility treatment has advanced significantly, and genetic screening has become a key tool in improving IVF outcomes. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF allows embryos to be screened for specific genetic abnormalities before they are transferred to the uterus. This guide explains how PGT works, who it is for, its types, benefits, limitations, costs, and success rates—helping you make an informed decision with confidence.
What Is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?
Preimplantation genetic testing is a specialized laboratory procedure performed during an IVF cycle. It examines embryos for chromosomal abnormalities or inherited genetic conditions before implantation.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF does not increase the number of embryos created, nor does it treat infertility directly. Instead, it helps identify embryos with the highest potential for healthy development, reducing the risk of miscarriage and genetic disease.
How Preimplantation Genetic Testing Works
The PGT process is carefully integrated into a standard IVF cycle:
- Ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval – Medications stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then collected.
- Fertilization – Eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting.
- Embryo development – Embryos are cultured for 5–6 days until they reach the blastocyst stage.
- Embryo biopsy – A small number of cells are taken from the outer layer of the embryo.
- Genetic analysis – These cells are tested for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities.
- Embryo freezing – Embryos are frozen while results are analyzed.
- Embryo transfer – A genetically suitable embryo is transferred in a future cycle.
This process is designed to preserve embryo viability while ensuring accurate genetic screening.
Types of Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Understanding the different testing options is essential when considering Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF.
PGT-A (Aneuploidy Testing)
Screens embryos for abnormal numbers of chromosomes.
Commonly recommended for:
- Women aged 35 and older
- Recurrent pregnancy loss
- Repeated IVF implantation failure
PGT-M (Monogenic Disorder Testing)
Detects specific inherited genetic conditions caused by single-gene mutations.
Commonly recommended for:
- Couples who are carriers of genetic diseases
- Families with known inherited disorders
PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements)
Identifies chromosomal translocations or structural abnormalities.
Commonly recommended for:
- Individuals with known chromosomal rearrangements
Who Should Consider PGT?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF may be especially helpful for:
- Couples with a history of miscarriage
- Individuals with known genetic conditions
- Women of advanced maternal age
- Couples with multiple failed IVF cycles
- Those seeking to reduce the risk of serious inherited disease
A fertility specialist and genetic counselor can determine whether PGT is appropriate for your situation.
Benefits of Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Key advantages include:
- Improved implantation rates
- Lower risk of miscarriage
- Reduced chance of chromosomal disorders
- More confidence with single-embryo transfer
- Potentially fewer IVF cycles needed
For many patients, Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF offers both medical and emotional reassurance.
Limitations and Risks
Despite its benefits, PGT has limitations:
- It cannot guarantee a healthy baby
- Not all genetic conditions can be detected
- Rare risk of embryo damage during biopsy
- Possibility of inconclusive or mosaic results
- Increased overall cost of IVF
PGT results should always be interpreted with professional guidance.
Accuracy and IVF Success Rates
Modern PGT methods, including advanced sequencing technologies, are highly accurate for detecting chromosomal abnormalities. When used appropriately, Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF can:
- Increase live birth rates per embryo transfer
- Reduce time to pregnancy
- Lower emotional and financial stress associated with failed cycles
Cost of Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Costs vary by clinic and region, but typical expenses include:
- IVF treatment: ₹100,000–₹25,0000
- PGT testing/ per embryo: ₹10,000–₹50,000/-
- Additional fees for biopsy and embryo freezing
Although it increases upfront costs, Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF may reduce long-term expenses by minimizing unsuccessful transfers.
Ethical and Emotional Considerations
PGT involves sensitive decisions about embryo selection and storage. Some couples may experience emotional stress if few embryos test normal. Ethical counseling and transparent discussions with fertility specialists are strongly recommended.
Conclusion
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF is a powerful advancement in reproductive medicine, offering valuable genetic insight before pregnancy begins. While not necessary for every IVF patient, it can significantly improve outcomes for those at increased genetic risk. With expert guidance and thoughtful consideration, PGT can help families move forward with greater clarity, confidence, and peace of mind.
Contact us so that you can go ahead and book a consultation at our PGT test center in Delhi And Noida
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
No. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF is optional and depends on medical history and personal preferences.
Yes, chromosomal testing can identify embryo sex, though regulations vary by location.
When performed by experienced professionals, the risk is very low.
Results typically take one to three weeks.
No. It screens for specific chromosomal or known genetic conditions only.
